Causes, Symptoms & Treatment for 2025 (2025)

As parents or caregivers, we always want to see our child living an active life. But, sometimes we have to go through the challenges with our kids as signs of a damaged brain or intellectual cerebral palsy, and they struggle to control their bodies and achieve simple movements. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder of brain development. This can create muscle tightening, posture issues, and movement problems. CP disorder may happen before or after birth in the developing brain.

Knowing the signs as soon as possible and understanding how new remedies can help your child live a more pleasant life will help you get relief as parents and caregivers. Read along to learn more about cerebral palsy, mobility devices and accessory care.

What is Cerebral Palsy?

Parents should know that if their child shows unusual movement patterns, cannot maintain posture, or has loose, hanging limbs, these symptoms may suggest the presence of cerebral palsy (CP). People with cerebral palsy often experience movement disorders with control challenges. Their developing brain is damaged, which leads to impaired muscle control and various symptoms.

What are the Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy?

Exaggerated reflexes: Jerk too much and react strongly to touch or movement.
Floppy or stiff muscles: Loose muscles are weak or too tight, making movement difficult.
Uncommon posture: Posture issues while sitting or standing, and leaning to one side.
Movement issues: Shaking, twitching, or jerking.
Walking issues: Wobbly Walking, trouble balancing or uneven steps.

What are the Types of Cerebral Palsy?

CP impact varies from person to person. There are four types:

Spastic CP signs: Patients have high tone in muscles and display stiffness with complex movements.
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is visible in involuntary muscle movements, such as twisting or jerky motions.
Ataxic CP signs: The person has difficulties with balancing and coordination, an unsteady gait, and issues with fine motor skills.
Mixed: Combines two or more of the types.

Further subtyping is used within these main categories to describe specific clinical presentations related to the location and extent of brain damage. Among these main types of CP, Spastic cerebral palsy has three different subtypes:

Spastic diplegia: Includes muscle tightening or stiff legs, arms and walking problems.
Spastic hemiplegia: Damage is on one side of the body affecting movement in the arm.
Spastic quadriplegia: This type has motor functionality issues with associated disorders.

Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy

A child has no control over their limbs. They jerk their limbs and move slowly. Such kids have difficulty walking and sitting. Kids with this type of CP have difficulty controlling their arms and legs. You might see them jerking around or moving slowly:

Unpredictable movements: It can be twisty, slow and writhing, or jerky and fast.
Muscle problems: They have a mix of stiff and loose muscles.
Facial and speech issues: Problems in controlling facial muscles and tongue, leading to speech problems.
Daily challenges: Movement disorders can make it difficult to grab toys or walk.

Ataxic Cerebral Palsy

Children lose coordination and have jerky movements. Although their voluntary movements get interrupted and uncontrolled, the effort lacks balance or coordination. Children struggle with gait, writing, speech, eye movements, and swallowing food.

Mixed Cerebral Palsy

Mixed cerebral palsy-affected people have multiple CP symptoms. It's like having a mix of different movement problems:

Stiffness in muscles and jerky movements: Muscles tighten, losing movement control.
Both stiff and floppy: Some muscles might be too tight, and others too loose.
Seizures: They might have fits.
Problem in thinking: Learning issues.
Speech issues and problems in eating: Speaking and swallowing can be complex.
Issues in hearing: Cannot hear properly.
Drooling and face twitching: They might drool or make uncontrolled facial movements.
Eye problems: "lazy eye" or cortical blindness.

Recognising Cerebral Palsy Symptoms in Children

Parents often do not see the signs of cerebral palsy (CP) because symptoms are similar to growing pains. Gradually, however, familiar patterns of GP are seen that suggest more serious issues.

Here's how CP can show up in a child's life:

Movement Challenges

CP tightens muscles.
Floppy and hard-to-control limbs.
Struggle to maintain posture.
Movements are jerky or uncontrolled.
Walk on tiptoes or with legs crossed.
Picking a toy or running around is hard.
Joints do not move in the usual way.
Muscle weakness grows.

Other Challenges

The speech is not clear
Difficulty in learning new things.
Vision problems.
Hearing loss.
Frequent fits

Everyday Impact

Difficulty in eating
Drooling
Constipation
Growth delay
Difficulty in urine control.
Pain

What are the Early Signs of Cerebral Palsy?

Cerebral palsy signs are not easily noticed in a baby. Signs may include floppiness or problems in controlling movements. The baby may have difficulty bending, sitting, or holding the head upright. You can consult a doctor and seek therapy if you know the symptoms.

CP symptoms are more visible in a growing child, particularly when developmental milestones are delayed. Difficulties in walking or uncontrolled movements are visible.

Cerebral Palsy Symptoms in Babies

You don't see signs of CP in a baby until the first year. Signs are visible within a year.

Look out for:

Late milestones: Sitting, rolling over, or crawling take longer than usual.
Trouble with head control: Struggle to hold their head up.
Excessive drooling: More drooling.
Feeding Issues: Struggle to swallow food.
Crossed legs: They often cross their legs.
Muscle stiffness: Muscles tighten.
Problem in grabbing things: Cannot easily grasp or pick small things.
Weird posture: Their body might look a bit off, or they might hold themselves abnormally.

Doctors closely monitor the baby's development by performing tests.

Signs of Cerebral Palsy in Toddlers:

When toddlers have cerebral palsy, you may notice how they move and talk:

They have trouble keeping their balance and fall many times.
You might see them crawling, favouring one side.
They walk on their toes.
Their movements might look jerky or uncontrolled.
Picking things up, even toys, can be hard for them.
They might have problems with their eyesight or hearing.
They might be late in starting to talk.
They might have joint issues, such as stiffness or hip pain.

And sometimes, though these are not always the cause of CP, some things can occur during birth that create a higher risk.

Delays in getting a C-section when it's needed.
Infections during labour or delivery.
The baby is going through distress during birth.
Injuries from forceps used during delivery.

What are the Main Causes and Risk Factors of Cerebral Palsy?

Causes, Symptoms & Treatment for 2025 (1)

CP starts before a baby's even born. Factors that influence a baby's development during pregnancy can increase the risk:

Infections: Bacterial or viral infections.
Blood Problems: Clots in the blood or bleeding.
Rubella: Getting Rubella.
Poisonous Substance: This harms the developing brain.
Thyroid problems: Issues with the mother's thyroid.
Incompatible Blood Type: If the mother's and baby's blood types don't match, it is risky
Seizures: Seizures during pregnancy can also create a risk.

Factors that Increase CP Risk in a Baby:

Babies with low birth weight are more at risk.
Prematurely born babies are more at risk.
Multiple births, such as twins and triplets.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART): IVF may increase risks of preterm and multiple births,. These raise the risk of CP.
Infections before or after the baby's birth can cause brain damage.
Jaundice can damage the brain.
Thyroid and seizure disorders in a baby.
Placenta detaching, the uterus rupturing, or umbilical cord problems.

Risk Factors After Birth:

Specific reasons can cause CP.

Key factors:

Severe jaundice
Infections
Blood vessel issues
Asphyxiation
Head injuries
Oxygen loss after birth

How can you Diagnose Cerebral Palsy?

Cerebral Palsy signs are more noticeable as the child grows. Doctors continuously monitor the child's movement, development, and medical history. The thorough process includes help from neurologists and rehabilitation consultants.

Brain Scans: Doctors use brain scans to check for brain abnormalities.
MRI Tests: Show clear brain pictures. It's painless but noisy, and kids often get medicine to sleep through it.
Ultrasound: Doctors get brain images through sound waves
EEG: To monitor brain activity.
Other Tests: Urine, blood and skin tests.
Specialist tests:

Vision and hearing.
Speech problems.
Thought process and learning.
Movement disorders

What are the Treatment And Therapies for Cerebral Palsy

Popular treatment for cerebral palsy:

Physical therapy can help a child become stronger and more flexible while improving balance and movement. Braces or other devices for walking and stretching can improve the child's daily activities.
Vocational therapy is most effective in improving daily activities, participating in school activities, dressing and AIDS.
Speech and language therapy helps children speak better by allowing them to use symbolic language or communication devices.

Nursing and Physiotherapy Care for Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy patients improve with help from nursing care and physiotherapy. Nurses help them improve their movements, gain strength, and manage health issues.

Nursing Care

Nurses teach patients to sit and move correctly, using splints or braces when necessary. They also ensure good nutrition and track patients' growth if they have trouble swallowing.
Nurses teach patients to talk with sign language or picture boards.
Nurses monitor patients, prevent falls, and check skin problems. They also monitor development. They teach CP patients to bath and dress appropriately, thus allowing them independence and offering emotional support to families.

How does a Physiotherapist Help Someone with Cerebral Palsy?

Physiotherapy helps people move better. Therapists should show proper exercises to help CP patients improve their walking and grasping coordination. The exercises prevent stiffness and joint problems.

Therapists show patients how to use wheelchairs and provide the correct ones.

Choosing the Right Mobility Solutions

Consider the needs of the person when you are choosing mobility aids:

Comfort: The device should help in correcting posture. Therefore, look for chairs with adjustable headrests and cushions.
Lifestyle Fit: Lightweight, foldable chairs are more suitable for improving activity. Sturdier chairs with bigger wheels are better for outdoor use.
Growth: Chairs should be adjustable in size, especially for kids. Modular designs let you change parts as needed.
Use: The chair moves easily in tight spaces, folds up, and stores. The controls must be easy to understand for powered chairs.

Mobility and Support Solutions for Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy affects muscle tone, movement, and coordination. While there's no cure, the right combination of mobility aids, orthotic devices, and assistive technologies can significantly improve the quality of life for children and adults with cerebral palsy.

Here’s a detailed look at the most effective support solutions:

1. Wheelchairs for Cerebral Palsy Patients

Pediatric Wheelchairs: Designed for growing children, these come with adjustable features like tilt-in-space and customizable support to enhance comfort and posture.

Manual Lightweight Wheelchairs: Ideal for individuals with strong upper body strength who can self-propel.

Power Wheelchairs: Best suited for patients with limited physical strength, offering independence and ease of movement.

2. Mobility Aids

Walkers and Standers: Support upright standing and walking, essential for bone and muscle health.

Crutches and Canes: Provide extra stability and support during walking, especially for mild to moderate mobility challenges.

3. Orthotic Devices

Orthoses are crucial in supporting joints, enhancing stability, and improving walking ability.

Foot and Ankle Orthoses: Helps with alignment, stability, and walking, especially in mild cases.
Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (KAFOs): Offers support from the knee down to the foot for individuals with leg weakness.
Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (HKAFOs): Provide comprehensive lower limb support for patients with severe muscle weakness.
Spinal Orthoses: Improves posture and stabilises the back and neck.
Wrist-Hand Orthoses: Assist in supporting wrist and hand function.
Foot Orthotics: Improves foot alignment and relieves discomfort during movement.

4. Custom-Made Orthotics and Splints

Custom Orthotics: Designed to meet each patient's needs for maximum comfort and function.
Dynamic Splints: Provide gentle, controlled stretching and ongoing support to improve limb positioning and mobility.
Functional Splints: Enhance hand function and support daily activities.

5. Assistive and Communication Devices

Speech Boards and Communication Tablets: Help non-verbal individuals express themselves effectively, aiding learning and social interaction.
Advanced Foot and Ankle Support Devices: Designed to enhance stability, walking, and posture.

Conclusion

Cerebral palsy causes various movement disorders. Understanding the reasons behind the problem is necessary. Early intervention and diagnosis give kids better support. Using mobility solutions like wheelchairs and other devices makes a massive difference in their daily lives. The sooner the child gets treatment, therapy, and consistent care, the greater the chance for improvement. We want to help families find the proper mobility solutions and information. Share this information with others so that more people understand CP.

If you have questions about wheelchairs for cerebral palsy or need help finding solutions, contact us now!

Frequently Asked Questions

Is there a treatment for cerebral palsy?

Sadly, no. CP is a lifetime problem. We can manage symptoms, but we cannot make them disappear.

Best Cerebral Palsy Treatment in India?

The treatment is about what works for that child, such as movement practice, daily activities, speech therapy, or surgery.

Can cerebral palsy deteriorate with age?

CP symptoms can worsen with age. In addition, muscles become tighter, joints stiffen, and agitation disorders become more common.

What are the best exercises for children with cerebral palsy (CP)?

The best practice helps build enough muscles, promotes loose movements, and improves control. The child can follow physical therapy that is suitable for his needs.

What dynamic help can help children with cerebral palsy?

Wheelchairs, walkers, braces, and other devices support children in standing and walking. Their improvement depends on how much help they need.